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十八羅漢人物銅雕塑 玻璃鋼仿銅寺院供奉羅漢擺件定做十(shi)(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)是指佛教傳說 [1] 中(zhong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八位永住世間、護持正(zheng)法(fa)的阿羅(luo)漢(han) [2] ,由(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六羅(luo)漢(han)加二尊者而來。他(ta)們都(dou)是歷史人物,均為(wei)釋迦牟尼(ni)的弟子。十(shi)(shi)(shi)六羅(luo)漢(han)主要流行(xing)于唐代(dai),至唐末,開始出現(xian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han);到宋代(dai)時,則盛行(xing)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)了。十(shi)(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)的出現(xian),可能與中(zhong)國(guo)文化 [3] 中(zhong)對十(shi)(shi)(shi)八的傳統(tong)偏好有關。 羅(luo)漢又稱阿羅(luo)漢,指能斷除一切煩惱,達到涅槃境界,不再受生死輪回之苦,修行圓滿又具有引(yin)導眾生向善的德行,堪受人(ren)天供養的圣者。 [4] “十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)”是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)吉數,中國文化中的許多數量(liang)表(biao)達都用“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)”,如“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)世”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)侯”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)般武藝”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)學(xue)士”等(deng)。佛教中也有(you)許多“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)”,如“《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)部論》”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)界(jie)”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)變”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)層地獄”等(deng),“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)羅(luo)(luo)漢”變為“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)羅(luo)(luo)漢”顯然(ran)與(yu)這種“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)”情結有(you)關。在(zai)歷史(shi)上(shang)嵩山少林寺(si)也出現過(guo)少林十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)羅(luo)(luo)漢 [5] 。功夫羅(luo)(luo)漢潘國靜是(shi)現代少林十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)羅(luo)(luo)漢之一(yi) 十(shi)(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)(han),系(xi)(xi)自十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)演變而(er)(er)來(lai)。目前所知最早(zao)的十(shi)(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)(han)像(xiang),為(wei)五代(dai)·張玄及貫休所繪。其(qi)后(hou),宋(song)·蘇東坡分別為(wei)此二畫(hua)題十(shi)(shi)(shi)八首贊,并于貫休所作(zuo)標出羅(luo)漢(han)(han)名(ming)稱(cheng)。此外,杭州飛(fei)來(lai)峰金光洞(dong)中(zhong),刻在石床上(shang)的十(shi)(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)(han)像(xiang),也(ye)是宋(song)代(dai)的作(zuo)品。元(yuan)代(dai)以后(hou),各寺院(yuan)的大(da)殿中(zhong)多供有十(shi)(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)(han),且在佛教界,羅(luo)漢(han)(han)像(xiang)的繪畫(hua)與雕塑,也(ye)多以十(shi)(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)(han)為(wei)主。自此,十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)乃(nai)逐漸沉寂,十(shi)(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)(han)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)起。日本鐮倉(cang)光明寺也(ye)有十(shi)(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)(han)像(xiang),據(ju)考證系(xi)(xi)南宋(song)至元(yuan)代(dai)期間(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo) |