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定做寺廟十八羅漢銅雕塑 玻璃鋼鑄銅彩繪十八羅漢達摩羅漢擺件十(shi)八(ba)羅(luo)漢是(shi)指佛教傳說 [1] 中(zhong)十(shi)八(ba)位永住世(shi)間、護(hu)持正法的阿羅(luo)漢 [2] ,由(you)十(shi)六羅(luo)漢加二(er)尊者(zhe)而來。他們都是(shi)歷史人物,均為釋迦(jia)牟(mou)尼的弟子。十(shi)六羅(luo)漢主要流行于唐(tang)代,至唐(tang)末,開始出現十(shi)八(ba)羅(luo)漢;到宋代時(shi),則(ze)盛(sheng)行十(shi)八(ba)羅(luo)漢了。十(shi)八(ba)羅(luo)漢的出現,可能與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)文化 [3] 中(zhong)對十(shi)八(ba)的傳統偏(pian)好(hao)有(you)關。 羅(luo)漢又稱阿(a)羅(luo)漢,指能(neng)斷除一切煩惱(nao),達到涅槃(pan)境界,不再受生死輪回之苦,修(xiu)行圓滿又具有引導眾生向善的德行,堪(kan)受人天供養的圣者。 [4] “十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)”是(shi)一個吉(ji)數,中(zhong)(zhong)國文化中(zhong)(zhong)的許(xu)多數量表達都用“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)”,如“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)世”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)侯”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)般(ban)武藝”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)學士”等(deng)。佛教中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)有許(xu)多“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)”,如“《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)部論(lun)》”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)界”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)變”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)層地獄(yu)”等(deng),“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六羅(luo)漢(han)(han)”變為“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)”顯然與這(zhe)種“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)”情結有關。在歷(li)史(shi)上嵩山少(shao)林(lin)寺(si)也(ye)出現過少(shao)林(lin)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)(han) [5] 。功夫(fu)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)潘國靜(jing)是(shi)現代少(shao)林(lin)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)之(zhi)一 十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)(han),系自(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六羅(luo)漢(han)(han)演變而來。目前(qian)所知最早(zao)的(de)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)像(xiang)(xiang),為(wei)五代(dai)(dai)·張(zhang)玄及貫(guan)休所繪。其(qi)后(hou),宋·蘇東坡分別為(wei)此二畫題(ti)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)首贊,并于貫(guan)休所作(zuo)標出(chu)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)名稱。此外(wai),杭州飛來峰金光洞中,刻在(zai)石床上的(de)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)像(xiang)(xiang),也是宋代(dai)(dai)的(de)作(zuo)品(pin)。元代(dai)(dai)以(yi)后(hou),各(ge)寺(si)院的(de)大殿中多(duo)供有(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)(han),且(qie)在(zai)佛教界,羅(luo)漢(han)(han)像(xiang)(xiang)的(de)繪畫與雕塑(su),也多(duo)以(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)為(wei)主(zhu)。自(zi)此,十(shi)(shi)(shi)六羅(luo)漢(han)(han)乃(nai)逐漸沉寂(ji),十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)之而起。日本鐮倉光明寺(si)也有(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)像(xiang)(xiang),據考(kao)證系南(nan)宋至(zhi)元代(dai)(dai)期間(jian)之作(zuo) |