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大型定制鑄銅黃銅十八羅漢寺廟供奉銅雕玻璃鋼佛像18尊者神像雕塑十(shi)八羅(luo)漢是指佛教傳說中十(shi)八位永住世間、護(hu)持(chi)正法的阿(a)羅(luo)漢 ,由(you)十六羅(luo)漢(han)加二尊者而來。他們都是歷史(shi)人物,均為釋迦牟(mou)尼(ni)的弟(di)子。十六羅(luo)漢(han)主要流行于唐(tang)代,至唐(tang)末,開始(shi)出現(xian)十八(ba)羅(luo)漢(han);到(dao)宋代時,則(ze)盛(sheng)行十八(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)了。十八(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)的出現(xian),可(ke)能與中(zhong)國文(wen)化中(zhong)對十八(ba)的傳(chuan)統偏好有關(guan)。 羅漢(han)又(you)稱阿羅漢(han),指能斷(duan)除一切煩惱,達到涅槃境(jing)界,不再受生死輪回之苦,修行圓滿又(you)具有引導(dao)眾生向善的德行,堪受人(ren)天供(gong)養的圣者。 “十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”是(shi)一個(ge)吉數(shu),中(zhong)國文化(hua)中(zhong)的許(xu)多(duo)數(shu)量表達都用“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”,如(ru)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)世”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)侯”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)般武(wu)藝(yi)”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)學士”等。佛教中(zhong)也有許(xu)多(duo)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”,如(ru)“《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)部論》”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)界”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)變(bian)”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)層地(di)獄”等,“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)羅(luo)(luo)漢(han)”變(bian)為“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)羅(luo)(luo)漢(han)”顯然與(yu)這種“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”情結有關。 在歷史上嵩山少林寺也出(chu)現過少林十(shi)八(ba)羅漢(han) 功夫(fu)羅(luo)漢(han)潘(pan)國靜是現代少林十(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)之一十(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han),系(xi)自十(shi)(shi)六羅(luo)漢(han)演變(bian)而來。目前所知最早的(de)十(shi)(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)像(xiang),為五代·張玄及貫休(xiu)所(suo)繪(hui)。其后,宋·蘇東(dong)坡分(fen)別為(wei)此(ci)二畫題十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)首贊,并于貫休(xiu)所(suo)作標出羅漢(han)名稱。此(ci)外,杭(hang)州飛來峰金光洞中,刻(ke)在石床上的(de)(de)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)羅漢(han)像(xiang),也(ye)是宋代的(de)(de)作品。元代以(yi)后,各寺院的(de)(de)大殿(dian)中多供有十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)羅漢(han),且在佛教界,羅漢(han)像(xiang)的(de)(de)繪(hui)畫與(yu)雕(diao)塑,也(ye)多以(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)羅漢(han)為(wei)主。自此(ci),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六羅漢(han)乃逐漸(jian)沉寂,十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)羅漢(han)代之而(er)起。日本(ben)鐮倉光明寺也(ye)有十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)羅漢(han)像(xiang),據(ju)考證系南宋至元代期間之作 |